Mental and physical overload as a guide to exhaustion and decline of immunity
Jun 24, 2013

(Abstract)

Shootings in academic settings are associated with the development of both posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Traumatic events can challenge an individual’s cognitive framework and contribute to the development of PTS and PTG. Intrusive rumination is thought to increase vulnerability to PTS symptoms, whereas deliberate rumination is likely to be associated with PTG. Literature that serves to distinguish the contextual and intraindividual predictors differentially leading to the development of PTS and PTG symptoms is limited. This cross-sectional study examined the relations between trauma proximity and posttraumatic outcomes as mediated by deliberate and intrusive ruminative responses to a university shooting. We hypothesize that: -

  • physical and emotional proximity would exert distinct effects on posttraumatic outcomes,
  • the effects of proximity on PTS would be mediated by intrusive rumination, and 
  • he effects of proximity on PTG would be mediated by deliberate rumination. 


Method: Six hundred students, and staff who were exposed to a research campus shooting in Zurich (Switzerland) completed a series of questionnaires 120 days after the event. 

Results: Emotional proximity was associated with PTS and PTG, whereas physical proximity was only associated with PTS. Of our four hypothesized mediation relationships, intrusive rumination mediated the relationship between physical proximity and PTS, and deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between emotional proximity and PTG. 

Conclusions: These results suggest that physical and emotional proximity to a traumatic event uniquely contribute to the development of posttraumatic outcomes and that intrusive rumination promotes maladaptive outcomes, whereas deliberate rumination may promote adaptive outcomes.


Zdenko Kos, MSc MEc BScEcon(Hons) MBA


ITALIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013

Does the SARS-Cov-19 Virus Exist

By Z KOS MSc MEc BScEcon Hons MBA • 06 Jan, 2020
(Abstract) Epidemiologists and virus disease specialists cannot decide whether Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) exists or not. After the discovery of this virus in Wuhan, China in 2019 (Covid-19), epidemiologists and specialists in viral diseases from all over the world could not agree on why actually happened. In the research that we were worked on, we primarily separated asymptomatic people from symptomatic at the very beginning. Tests have shown that certain people remain asymptomatic despite the fact that they were infected. Their relative number and effect in the pandemic itself were uncertain. We analysed the available evidence on asymptomatic SARS-CoV infection. Tests have shown that approximately half (40%-48%; % varies according to the number of asymptomatic persons tested) of asymptomatic persons transmit the virus to others, where again the period was relative (minimum 3-5 days in other cases 10-14 days and with a very small % for more than 14 days). The different number of the days for the infection varies with the age group. Asymptomatic infection is associated with subclinical lung abnormalities detected by tomography in certain individuals. Due to the high risk of silent spread in asymptomatic persons, it was necessary to carry out tests including persons without symptoms only. In 87% test we find out that people who were exposed to vaccination for Covid-19, was in past exposed to other vaccination (eg. flue jab), and different sorts of medications (eg. tablets) where in all or majority vaccinations and medication there was different % of aluminium (in 69% day-to-day vaccinations and medications is at list a trace of aluminium). Aluminium is a cellular receiver and amplifier of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. This radiation destroys the pineal gland in children and destroys the human immune system and blocks the utilization of oxygen at the cellular level. The result, patient in intensive care, gasping for breath, in imminent need of artificial ventilation. This is the deadly face of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Increase the risk of Cancer

By Z KOS MSc MEc BScEcon Hons MBA • 20 Dec, 2015
(Abstract) The research has shown and it is inevitable that people whose initial cancer was associated with certain environmental factors or lifestyle issues, such as exposure to harmful substances at work or at home (eg. asbestos), smoking, excessive sun exposure, poor diet, or drug abuse, could be at risk for future cancers of the same or different type. In many cases, such risks can be reduced by adopting healthier habits or reducing or eliminating exposure to substances that triggered the first cancer. Examples include quitting smoking and avoiding sunburn. Genetics Age is one of several factors beyond an individual’s control that can influence the risk of a second cancer. One of these is genetics. People who inherit genetic mutations or other abnormalities can be at risk for a variety of different types of cancer. Individuals with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, for example, have a heightened risk of cancers of the ovaries and fallopian tubes in women, breast, prostate (in men), and pancreas. Such individuals remain at elevated risk for these cancers even if they’ve undergone treatment for one of them. In some cases, patients can take steps to reduce their chances of developing a second cancer. A woman with a BRCA gene mutation who develops breast cancer may have the option of having her breasts and ovaries surgically removed to lower her risk of future breast or ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapies as Chemo or Radio used to treat cancer at first cancer can also raise the risk of other malignancies. Chemotherapy of all kinds and Radiotherapy work by damaging DNA in tumour cells, causing them to die. But such damage can occur in normal cells as well, potentially putting them on a path toward cancer. Reduced intensity Regimens As physicians have gained experience with different types of therapy, they’ve often been able to develop reduced-intensity regimens that effectively kill cancer cells but produce fewer long-term risks. This is particularly true in the field of childhood cancer. Screenings For many survivors, especially those whose treatment or genetics may place them at higher risk of a second cancer, physicians may suggest more frequent screenings to detect any such cancers at the earliest, most treatable stages. Patients should talk with their physician about which strategy makes the most sense for them. Zdenko Kos, MSc MEc BScEcon(Hons) MBA
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